Nitrification Kinetics in a Rotating Biological Disk Reactor
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چکیده
A Steady state kinetic model for ammonia oxidation (nitrification ) in a rotating biological disk (RBD) reactor was developed. The model can be described as a process of molecular diffusion with a simultaneous zero-order nitrification reaction within the biofilm . The model states that the nitrification rate per unit disk area is expressed as the product of an overall rate constant and an equilibrium bulk ammonia concentration. The overall rate constant is composed of two coefficients . One describes the process of ammonia transport to the biofilm surface and the other describes the process with a simultaneous zero-order nitrification reaction within the biofilm. At extremely low ammonia concentration, a bulk first-order reaction occurs , because the process of ammonia transport to the biofilm surfaca is rate-limiting. As bulk ammonia concentrations increase, half-order and zero-order reactions occur with respect to the biofilm surface ammonia concentrations. These reactions depend on the penetration thickness of ammonia and oxygen within the biofilm. If the penetration thickness of oxygen is larger than that of ammonia, a half-order reaction occurs. In the opposite case , a zero-order reaction occurs. The transition from halforder to zero-order occurs at an equilibrium ammonia concentration and depends on the operational conditions. A series of nitrification experiments using two completely-mixed flow reactors war carried out to verify the proposed model. Experimental variables were temperature , disk rotating velocity, partial pressure of oxygen in the gaseous phase , hydraulic loading and influent ammonia concentration. All experimental results were adequately explained by the proposed model . 要 旨 本論文で は回転 円板接触槽で のア ンモニア(以 下NH3-N)酸 化(以 下硝化)の 定常動力学モデルを提唱す る . 本 モデル は生物膜 内で同時 に起 る0次 硝化反応 と分子 拡散過程か らな る.モ デル によると単位円板面積当 りの硝化 速度は総括速度係数 と平衝液本体NH3-N濃 度 の積 で表わされる.総 括速度係数は生物膜へのNH3-Nの 移動を表 わす項 と生物膜内で同時 に起 る0次 硝化反 応項 の2つ の係数 か らな る.極 端に低いNH3-N ,度では生物膜 へのN H3-N移 動過程 が律速 とな り,液 本体NH3-Nに 関 して1次 反応 となる.液 本 体NH3-N濃 度 が高 くなるにつれ, 生物膜 表面NH3-N濃 度 に関 しては1/2次,0次 反応 となる.こ れ らの反応 は生物膜へ のNH3-Nと 酸素浸入深 さ によ り決 まる.も し酸素 浸入深 さがNH3-N浸 入深 さよ り大 きいな ら1/2次 反応 とな り,逆 な ら0次 反応 となる. %次 か ら0次 反応へ の移項 は平衝NH3-N濃 度 と運転条件 により決 まる.二 つの完全混合装置 による硝化実験 で提 示 したモデルの検証 を行 な った.実 験変数 は温度,円 板回転速度,気 相酸素分圧,水 量負荷お よび流入NH3-N濃 度 であ る.提 示 したモデル は全実験結果で 十分 確証で きた. *宮 崎大学工学部土木工学科 助教授 工博 **宮 崎大学工学部土木工学科 教授 工博 ***鹿 児島高専土木工学科 助手 工修
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تاریخ انتشار 2009